REFLEX to Exome Sequencing

Genes

Coding sequence of the genome

Test Guide

For the patient with a particular phenotype in whom focused “panel” sequencing did not identify a pathogenic variant in NCGL, further evaluation of the completed NCGL exome sequence data is offered.   Review of the patient’s exome sequence file may be the most cost effective way of expanding gene sequence testing beyond presently known disease candidate genes.  Study of the exome from the DNA of a single individual is used to identify sequence variants with a very low population frequency, with nucleotide conservation across species and likely pathogenic consequence. Testing of a family trio facilitates filtering of sequence variants and reduces the number of potential candidates by looking for the same sequence alteration in an unaffected parent(s).

Methodology

Next generation DNA sequencing is performed to identify nucleotide variants in the coding portion of the genome. >99% of the coding regions and the canonical splice sites are sequenced to a read coverage of greater than 20X and compared to the human reference genome. Variants are assessed for pathogenicity using available information from the following databases (ClinVar, HGMD, 1000 Genomes, Parkinson’s Disease Mutation Database, dbSNP and EXAC), published literature, clinical correlation, segregation analysis, functional studies and predicted functional or splicing impact using evolutionary conservation analysis and computational tools.

Procedure:  Genomic DNA was extracted from blood using standard procedures.  A library of DNA fragments was constructed and enriched for protein and RNA coding portions of the human genome using the Exome v1.0 (Integrated DNA Technologies) capture system.  Paired-end sequencing of the enriched library was performed using rapid run v2.0 (Illumina) chemistry on a HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) sequencer according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.  Resulting sequences were aligned to the human genome reference (hg19) using the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) and variants identified with the Genome Analysis Took Kit (GATK).  A modified version of the SeattleSeq tool was used to annotate variants found within these genes.   

Limitations of Methodology: The test does not detect large deletions or duplications and has limited ability to identify small insertions and deletions. This test has limited ability to detect mosaicism. The assay does not detect variants located: 1) outside the captured exome, 2) in regions of insufficient coverage, 3) in regions containing paralogous genes or pseudogenes, or 4) where the reference genome is inaccurate or contains gaps and insertions.

 

Specimen Requirements

No additional specimen required

Special Instructions

Please submit required requisition and consent forms:

Clinical information outlining the indication for the requested repeat exome data filtering and interpretation and pertinent medical history and family history is a necessary component of testing. The requisition form is formatted to allow for easy summary of the patient’s history and to note any suspected diagnoses and earlier negative testing.  An exome sequencing consent form must accompany the sample.

REQUIRED FORMS:

EXOME TEST REQUISITION

For Medicaid billing, the following is required: A pre-authorization letter from Medicaid, with the effective dates of coverage (attach to requisition form)

How to Order

It may be helpful to contact the laboratory genetic counselor, Dru Leistritz-Kessler (206-543-5464 or dru2@uw.edu), with questions to determine if testing is appropriate and which test to select.

After selecting the test, please follow these steps to order it:

1. Complete Required Forms 

EXOME TEST REQUISITION

2.  Complete Billing Information (second page of Requisition Form)

3.  Submit required forms to NCGL

Laboratory for Precision Diagnostics
Northwest Clinical Genomics Laboratory
1959 NE Pacific St., HSC H-561
Seattle, WA 98195
Phone: 206.221.2140; FAX: 206.221.7509

5. Receive Results
Results will be faxed to you at the contact points you provided on the requisition form.

Note: Orders cancelled after they have been submitted will incur a prorated charge based on the work that has been completed as of the time of cancellation.
(optional) You’ll need the Adobe Reader to view Requisition and Consent Forms above. If you don’t have it, please click here to get it now.

CPT Code & Cost

81417
$1,500

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University of Washington, UW Medicine Pathology.